Scholar MCP Server

A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server providing structured access to scientific literature databases. It serves as a unified interface for Scopus, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, and Unpaywall, enabling AI agents to perform systematic paper discovery, author disambiguation, citation lineage tracking, and multimodal Content extraction.

Core Capabilities

Unified Literature Search
- Semantic Scholar Integration — High-relevance search and detailed metadata, including AI-generated TLDRs (requires API key).
- Scopus Integration — Targeted metadata retrieval via advanced Boolean syntax (requires API key).
- OpenAlex Integration — Broad search across 250M+ works with abstract reconstruction.
- Unpaywall Resolution — DOI-to-PDF cross-referencing across global Open Access repositories.
- Sci-Hub Fallback (⚠️ Use with Caution) — Automatic mirror resolution and parsing for paywall bypassing.
Book Search & Extraction
- Google Books & Open Library — Integrated search for book metadata, editions, and descriptions without API keys.
- Library Genesis (Libgen) — Search and extract full text from books directly using PyMuPDF. Features smart caching and token-saving strategies (TOC reading, targeted keyword searching, and page range extraction).
Author Identification & Metrics
- Instant author disambiguation and ID resolution via OpenAlex autocomplete.
- Comprehensive profiles: H-index, i10-index, institutional affiliation history, and ORCID linkage.
- Precision metrics from Elsevier (Scopus) for verified publication counts.
Citation Lineage Tracking
- Map research evolution through forward citations (citing works) and backward references (cited works).
Structured & Multimodal Extraction
- Text Extraction — Layout-aware parsing of OA PDFs using PyMuPDF.
- Vision Rendering — Page-by-page PNG rendering for LLM-based analysis of charts, tables, and equations.
- HTML Fallbacks — Extraction from web-based research resources via BeautifulSoup.
Topic Mapping & Field Analysis
- Concepts and domain hierarchy discovery to map research landscapes.
- Batch metadata retrieval for high-throughput literature processing (up to 50 DOIs/request).
Access Management & Fallbacks
- Automated detection of closed-access content with human-in-the-loop instructions for manual uploads.

Architecture

mermaid

graph TD
    A[LLM Agent] -->|MCP Protocol| B(Scholar MCP Server)
    B --> C{Database Router}
    C -->|Primary| D[Scopus API]
    C -->|Fallback| E[OpenAlex API]
    C -->|DOI Resolver| F[Unpaywall API]
    C -->|Citations| P[CrossRef API]
    
    D --> G{Access Check}
    E --> G
    F --> G
    P --> G
    
    G -->|Open Access| H[PDF Buffer Download]
    G -->|Closed Access| I[Human-in-the-Loop Prompt]
    H --> J[PyMuPDF Text Extractor]
    H --> K[PyMuPDF Vision Renderer]
    J --> L[Return Context to LLM]
    K --> L
    I --> L
    B --> M{Author Router}
    M -->|Profile| N[OpenAlex Authors API]
    M -->|Metrics| O[Scopus Author API]
    N --> L
    O --> L

Installation

Quick Start (via PyPI)

The fastest way to use the server is directly via PyPI:

Terminal

pip install scholar-academic-mcp

Manual Setup (for Development)

bash

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/mlintangmz2765/Scholar-MCP.git
cd Scholar-MCP

# Setup virtual environment
python -m venv venv
.\venv\Scripts\activate  # Windows
source venv/bin/activate # Unix

# Install in editable mode
pip install -e .

Environment Variables

Variable	Required	Description
`SCOPUS_API_KEY`	Yes	Elsevier API key for Scopus search and author retrieval.
`S2_API_KEY`	No	Semantic Scholar API key for TLDRs and S2 graph access.
`SCIHUB_MIRRORS`	No	Comma-separated list of active Sci-Hub mirrors for PDF fallback.
`LIBGEN_MIRRORS`	No	Comma-separated list of active Library Genesis mirrors.
`SCOPUS_INST_TOKEN`	No	Institutional token for full abstract access via Scopus.
`CONTACT_EMAIL`	Yes	Email for OpenAlex/Unpaywall polite-pool API routing.

Configuration

Claude Desktop / Cursor

Add the following to your configuration file (e.g., claude_desktop_config.json):

config.json

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "scholar-academic-mcp": {
      "command": "scholar-academic-mcp",
      "env": {
        "SCOPUS_API_KEY": "your_scopus_api_key",
        "S2_API_KEY": "your_s2_api_key",
        "SCIHUB_MIRRORS": "https://sci-hub.ru,https://sci-hub.st",
        "LIBGEN_MIRRORS": "https://libgen.la,http://libgen.li",
        "SCOPUS_INST_TOKEN": "your_optional_inst_token",
        "CONTACT_EMAIL": "your_email@domain.com"
      }
    }
  }
}

Quick Start & Examples

Once configured, your AI agent can perform complex research workflows. Below are representative examples of tool inputs and structured outputs.

1. Literature Discovery (Scopus)

Prompt: "Find recent papers about 'Transformer architectures' published after 2022 using Scopus."

Tool Call: search_papers_tool(query="TITLE-ABS-KEY(Transformer architectures) AND PUBYEAR > 2022", limit=3)

Output:

text

Found 3 papers via Scopus:
- [SCOPUS_ID:85184...] Attention is All You Need? A Survey of Transformer Variants
  Authors: Smith, J., Doe, A.
  Date: 2024-01-15 | DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2023.104012

2. Multimodal Content Analysis

Prompt: "I need to see the diagram for the neural network architecture on page 3 of this URL."

Tool Call: get_full_text_visual_tool(url="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03762.pdf", max_pages=3)

Output:

[Text] "Successfully rendered 3 pages visually..."
[Image] (PNG data of page 1)
[Image] (PNG data of page 2)
[Image] (PNG data of page 3 - containing the architecture diagram)

3. Research Topic Mapping

Prompt: "Help me understand the subfields and domains related to 'Generative AI'."

Tool Call: search_topics_tool(query="Generative AI")

Output:

text

Found 1 topics for 'Generative AI':
- Artificial Intelligence
  Hierarchy: Computer Science → Artificial Intelligence → Machine Learning
  Works: 12,450 | Citations: 450,210
  Description: A field of computer science that focuses on creating systems capable of generating...

Tools

The server registers 23 tools across 7 categories:

Paper Discovery

Tool	Signature	Description
`search_papers_tool`	`(query, limit=5, use_scopus=True, sort_by="relevance")`	Search papers via Scopus (Boolean syntax) or OpenAlex. Sort by `cited_by_count` or `publication_year`.
`search_papers_s2_tool`	`(query, limit=5)`	Search papers via Semantic Scholar. Note: strictly rate-limited to 1 request/sec.
`get_paper_details_tool`	`(paper_id)`	Fetch full metadata and abstract by Scopus ID, DOI, or OpenAlex ID (with automatic routing).
`get_paper_details_s2_tool`	`(paper_id)`	Fetch full metadata from Semantic Scholar, including AI-generated TLDRs. Accepts S2 ID or DOI.
`search_titles_unpaywall_tool`	`(query, is_oa=None)`	Search Unpaywall's database directly by title. Set `is_oa=True` for strictly OA results.
`get_related_works_tool`	`(paper_id, limit=10)`	Find related/similar papers using OpenAlex's bibliographic coupling.

Book Discovery & Extraction

Tool	Signature	Description
`search_books_tool`	`(query, limit=5, source="googlebooks")`	Search for book metadata via Google Books or Open Library.
`get_book_details_tool`	`(book_id, source="googlebooks")`	Fetch complete book details, descriptions, and ISBNs.
`search_libgen_tool`	`(query, limit=5)`	Search Library Genesis for books to retrieve their download MD5 hashes.
`interact_with_book_tool`	`(md5, action, keyword, start_page, end_page)`	Smart extraction from Libgen. Actions: `toc` (Table of Contents), `search` (keywords), `pages` (range).

Author Analytics

Tool	Signature	Description
`autocomplete_authors_tool`	`(name, limit=5)`	Rapidly disambiguate author names and resolve OpenAlex Author IDs.
`search_authors_tool`	`(name, institution=None, limit=5)`	Detailed bibliometric profiles: H-index, i10-index, ORCID, and research concepts.
`search_author_by_orcid_tool`	`(orcid)`	Look up an author directly by ORCID (raw or URL format).
`retrieve_author_works_tool`	`(author_id, limit=15)`	Chronologically sorted publications for a given OpenAlex author.
`get_author_profile_scopus_tool`	`(author_id)`	Fetch precise Scopus-sourced h-index, citation counts, and affiliation.
`get_author_profile_s2_tool`	`(author_id)`	Fetch Semantic Scholar author profile (H-index, paper count, citations).

Citation Tracking

Tool	Signature	Description
`get_citations_tool`	`(paper_id, direction="references")`	Retrieve forward citations or backward references via OpenAlex.

Full-Text & PDF

Tool	Signature	Description
`get_full_text_tool`	`(url, start_page=None, end_page=None)`	Extract text from an OA PDF or HTML page. Supports page range selection.
`get_full_text_visual_tool`	`(url, max_pages=3)`	Render PDF pages as images for Vision-capable LLMs.
`fetch_pdf_text_unpaywall_tool`	`(doi)`	All-in-one: resolve DOI via Unpaywall → download PDF → extract text.
`get_scihub_link_tool`	`(doi)`	Attempts to resolve a strict paywalled DOI to a free direct PDF link using Sci-Hub.
`fetch_pdf_text_scihub_tool`	`(doi)`	All-in-one bypass: resolve DOI via Sci-Hub → download PDF → extract text.

Citation & Writing

Tool	Signature	Description
`get_bibtex_tool`	`(doi)`	Generate a BibTeX entry for LaTeX via CrossRef content negotiation.
`format_citation_tool`	`(doi, style="apa")`	Format citation in APA, IEEE, Chicago, Harvard, Vancouver, MLA, or Turabian.

Open Access Resolution

Tool	Signature	Description
`get_unpaywall_link_tool`	`(doi)`	Resolve a DOI to all available OA locations via Unpaywall.

Topic Mapping & Batch Analysis

Tool	Signature	Description
`search_topics_tool`	`(query, limit=10)`	Browse research topics/concepts. Returns fields, domains, and publication volume.
`batch_lookup_tool`	`(dois: list[str])`	Batch-fetch metadata for multiple DOIs in a single call (max 50).

Technical Design & Reliability

Scholar MCP is engineered for precision and fault tolerance in high-stakes research environments, utilizing several layers of protection to ensure data integrity:

Strict Data Contracts (Pydantic)
- All upstream API responses are validated against Pydantic models before being returned to the agent.
- Ensures a predictable, type-safe interface even if upstream database schemas change.
Fault-Tolerant Networking (Tenacity)
- Integrated Exponential Backoff using tenacity for transient HTTP errors (429, 5xx).
- Configurable rate-limit awareness for Elsevier and OpenAlex "polite pool" routing.
Resource Safety & Concurrency
- Context-Managed Extractors: Automatic cleanup of PDF buffers and file descriptors.
- Isolated Concurrency: Batch operations utilize asyncio.gather with localized exception handling to prevent session-wide failures.
System Observability
- Structured standard-error (stderr) logging provides execution visibility during the tool lifecycle without interfering with the MCP JSON-RPC protocol.
Automated Verification
- Comprehensive test suite leveraging respx for deterministic API mocking, ensuring 100% coverage of edge cases without network externalites.

Project Structure

text

Scholar-MCP/
├── .github/workflows/ # GitHub Actions (CI & Releases)
├── scripts/           # Automation & Validation scripts
├── tests/             # Pytest suite (respx mocked)
├── server.py          # FastMCP tool entry point
├── api.py             # API Clients (Scopus, OpenAlex, Unpaywall, CrossRef)
├── extractor.py       # PDF/HTML Extraction & Rendering
├── models.py          # Pydantic Data Validation
├── server.json        # MCP Registry Manifest
├── pyproject.toml     # Python packaging configuration
├── requirements.txt   # Dependencies
├── VERSION            # Version tracking (v1.0.0)
├── LICENSE            # MIT License
├── README.md          # Documentation
├── .env.example       # Template for API keys
└── .gitignore         # Git exclusion rules

Troubleshooting

Symptom	Cause	Resolution
`HTTP 401` from Scopus	Standard API keys lack `META_ABS` view access.	Set `SCOPUS_INST_TOKEN` or use OpenAlex as fallback.
`HTTP 403` on PDF download	Publisher anti-bot protection (Cloudflare, DataDome).	Provide the PDF manually to the LLM.
Empty Unpaywall results	Paper is behind a strict paywall with no OA copies.	Request the PDF from the author via ResearchGate or institutional access.
`SCOPUS_API_KEY is not set`	Missing environment variable.	Ensure `.env` is configured or pass via MCP client `env` block.

Contributing

Fork the repository.
Create a feature branch (git checkout -b feature/my-feature).
Commit your changes (git commit -m 'feat: add new capability').
Push to the branch (git push origin feature/my-feature).
Open a Pull Request.

Please ensure all code follows PEP 8 conventions.

License

MIT License. See LICENSE for details.

Disclaimer: Automated querying of publisher APIs must comply with the respective Terms of Service of Elsevier, OpenAlex, and Unpaywall. Do not distribute API keys. Adhere to all applicable rate limits.

mcp-name: io.github.mlintangmz2765/scholar