FoodBlock
The smallest language strangers in food need to agree on, with no boss. Everything else is data.
A block is three fields, signed by its author on their own device:
{
"type": "promise",
"state": {
"terms": { "price": { "minor": 450, "currency": "GBP" }, "quantity": { "value": "30", "unit": "{egg}" } },
"at": "2026-10-15T09:00:00.000Z",
"audience": "public",
"seq": 4
},
"refs": { "author": "a1b2…", "prev": "c3d4…", "from": "a1b2…", "what": "e5f6…" }
}
This is an offer: it is signed by its from side. Its id is the hash of its canonical form (one exact way of writing
it as text: RFC 8785). The author signs the same bytes with Ed25519 (the suite std; p256 and sm are two more). Nobody's clock decides who has authority. The
other side can check that authority. Without the author's key no one can make a block that counts as theirs, or change one without
changing its id, and a key that signs two versions of its history leaves the proof. What the protocol cannot do (keep a lost key safe,
stop a custodian who holds your key, see inside a sealed block it was not sent) is in the threat model (a draft).
- The spec:
spec/protocol.md, FoodBlock 1.7 (2026-10-27; it adds to 1.6, except the few deletions the CHANGELOG lists). It is normative: where anything else here disagrees, it governs. Beside it:protocol.json(every list, for code to load), the canonical form, transport (email is the envelope, FoodBlock the letter) and the conformance vectors. There is no earlier version in the protocol: 1.6 is year zero. Old data enters once, through a converter that is not part of the protocol.NECESSITY.mdshows, for every field, term, verb, closed type, reference key and invariant, which vectors fail without it;EXPERIMENTS.mdrecords the compressions tried. - The paper: the FoodBlock whitepaper v1.6 (PDF) (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.23457910): why the protocol exists. Where it and the spec differ, the spec is current.
The language
Seven types, in three moods:
| Type | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| What exists | actor | A person, an autonomous system or machine, a circle, or a contact |
thing | Anything held, found or written: food, tools, places, recipes, shares, schemas | |
| Is | observe | A claim that something is so |
transform | A thing changes: inputs become outputs, or a thing is kept and stays itself | |
transfer | A thing changes owner, holder or place | |
| Must | promise | A commitment, offered or asked |
| May | grant | Authority given to someone |
Seven verbs, the refs that link blocks: updates, answers (the only way to consent), confirms, defeats,
for, derives_from, same_as. prev and after say what came before.
Strict. Only four types carry authority and are closed (actor, promise, transfer, grant); any other word
is an open type that a node stores and passes on. A node writes and reads only the current version's shapes: no nulls, no floats
(money is { minor, currency }, an amount { value, unit } with a decimal string), exact UTC times, sets written
sorted, every block in its key's chain (state.seq, refs.prev). It never repairs a block: it refuses it, and the
author signs a new one.
Three sizes of peer
Every peer speaks the protocol itself: a phone, a robot kitchen, a van, a sensor. Machines are peers like people. There are three sizes (protocol.json peers, and spec/protocol.md): micro (a device that measures and signs), edge (the local operator, works offline) and node (the lasting level, serves pull and push to anyone). Only people and machines hold nodes. A business, a household or a community is a circle of them, never a node of its own.
What is here
| Folder | What it is |
|---|---|
spec/ | The protocol, its lists, the canonical form, transport, profiles, vectors, the oracle and the paper |
sdk/javascript | The reference SDK |
sdk/rust | The one core: every rule, as a Rust crate, a C library and WebAssembly |
sdk/python, sdk/go, sdk/swift, sdk/kotlin | The same protocol in other languages, thin layers over the core; each runs every vector section |
server/ | A node: Postgres for the blocks, HTTP for signed pull, push and .well-known/foodblock |
mcp/ | An MCP server, so any autonomous system can write and read signed blocks |
cli/ | fb: make an identity and device keys, write blocks in its key chain, check, validate, verify, and convert old data once |
sql/schema.sql | The node's store: append-only, each block kept exactly as it arrived |
test/ | Cross-language canonical vectors, and the script that copies the spec into each SDK |
Each SDK's README says which profile it covers.
For autonomous systems
FoodBlock is built for people, autonomous systems and machines to use together. An autonomous system can read and write it directly:
- MCP server:
mcp/, for Claude, Cursor, Windsurf, Gemini CLI and any MCP-compatible autonomous system - The spec in one file:
spec/protocol.md, with every list machine-readable inspec/protocol.json - LLM quick reference: https://foodx.network/llms.txt
- About FoodX: https://foodx.network
Quick start
const fb = require('@foodxdev/foodblock') // in this repository: require('./sdk/javascript/src/index.cjs')
const keys = fb.generateKeypair() // one key is the whole ceremony
const me = fb.identity.genesis(keys, { kind: 'person', at: '2026-10-15T09:00:00.000Z', audience: 'public' }) // who you are: its hash is your id; kind, at and audience are yours to state
const eggs = fb.write('thing', { kind: 'eggs', name: 'Free-range eggs' }, {}, { author: me.hash, key: keys, held: [me], at: '2026-10-15T09:01:00.000Z', audience: 'public' })
fb.valid(eggs, [me]) // [] : sound, signed by a key of its author, in its chain
From a terminal:
cd cli && npm install
node bin/fb.js init me.json --kind person --audience public --reach P30D
node bin/fb.js create thing eggs --state '{"name":"Free-range eggs"}' --identity me.json
Between nodes
Anyone can leave a node with everything they signed. Peers swap blocks with two messages, pull and push, and every answer is signed by a key of the node's holder (spec/modules/nodes.md). .well-known/foodblock says who the node is, what it holds and its admission rule.
Run one with docker compose -f server/docker-compose.yml up, or cd server && npm install && npm start with a
Postgres at DATABASE_URL and a key file from fb key at NODE_KEY.
Tests
| What | Command |
|---|---|
| Conformance vectors | node spec/run-vectors.cjs |
| The SDKs carry the spec exactly | node test/sync-spec.cjs --check |
| JS SDK | cd sdk/javascript && npm test |
| Python SDK | cd sdk/python && python3 -m unittest discover -s tests |
| Go SDK | cd sdk/go && CGO_ENABLED=0 go test ./... |
| Swift SDK | sdk/swift/scripts/build-xcframework.sh --macos && swift test (at the root) |
| Rust core | cd sdk/rust && cargo test |
| Kotlin SDK | cd sdk/kotlin && ./gradlew :foodblock:test (needs a JDK 17); the bundled-library check: scripts/build-natives.sh jvm && ./gradlew :foodblock:testBundled |
| The oracle (written from the spec text alone) | node spec/oracle/run.cjs |
| Every fold, core against oracle | node test/audit/run.cjs |
| No listed thing is dead or untested | node test/necessity.cjs (the full measurement, ten minutes: node tools/necessity.cjs) |
| Stored blocks against the current core | node tools/replay-check.cjs <export> (counts and reason codes only; see DISTRIBUTION.md) |
| Node | cd server && npm test (in-memory Postgres; set TEST_DATABASE_URL for a real one) |
| MCP server | cd mcp && npm test |
| CLI | cd cli && npm test |
Licence
Public domain (CC0 1.0; decided 2026-10-29, replacing MIT). FOODX WORLD LIMITED (England and Wales, company 16406719), which wrote it and runs this repository, waived its copyright: the protocol needs no one's permission to implement, copy or change.
How a change is proposed and how versions work: GOVERNANCE.md. How we treat each other, and what content is not allowed: CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md. Reporting a
weakness: SECURITY.md.
To cite FoodBlock, see CITATION.cff.