Aletheia MCP Server 🛡️

Sub-millisecond runtime filter that blocks scope-creep and prompt-injection tool calls before an AI agent can run them.

Aletheia MCP intercepts tool calls from Claude Code, Claude Desktop, and any other MCP-compatible agent before they execute and blocks the destructive ones, with sub-millisecond (~25 µs) overhead and no LLM in the hot path.

It scores each call against the Aletheia research paper's taxonomy of nine behavioral signatures: recurring LLM failure patterns, each with an ID, derived from the interfaces through which a model touches its environment (output/reality, input/trust, task/scope, and so on). This server enforces two of them:

• S3 (Scope Creep Beyond Mandate): the agent acts outside the task it was actually given, writing files outside its workspace, reaching into unrelated systems, quietly widening what it was asked to do.
• S2b (Adversarial Prompt Injection): instructions smuggled in through tool results, file contents, or fetched data that try to hijack what the agent does next.

The paper validates those nine signatures against 2,571 entries across three independent corpora: the AI Incident Database (AIID + hand-curated supplement, n=1,134), the AVID AI Vulnerability Database (n=767), and the MIT AI Risk Repository (n=670). The per-model detection-rate figures from that research are reported in the paper with their methodology; treat them as directional context for why these signatures matter, not as an independently-audited benchmark of this codebase.

Security Model: A Fast Pre-Filter, Not a Sandbox

Aletheia MCP is a deterministic, pattern-based lexical and structural filter, iteratively hardened through many rounds of adversarial red-teaming against the shell, SQL, filesystem, and network surfaces it inspects. Each round of testing has turned up real gaps, and each has been fixed and re-verified. That process is ongoing, not finished, and it never fully finishes: this is honest heuristic pattern-matching over Bash and SQL, not a formal parser or a proof of completeness.

[!IMPORTANT] What this is, and isn't:

• Aletheia is a fast, first-line pre-execution filter: single-digit-to-low-tens-of-microseconds overhead, deterministic, no LLM in the hot path. It catches a wide and continually growing set of known destructive, exfiltration, SSRF, and privilege-escalation patterns before they execute.
• Aletheia is not a sandbox, not a formal guarantee, and not a substitute for least-privilege credentials, non-root system users, scoped database grants, or containerized/VM-level isolation (Docker, gVisor, Firecracker). Because it works by recognizing known-dangerous patterns in shell and SQL text rather than by parsing and fully understanding either language, a sufficiently novel or obfuscated construct can, in principle, always be found that the current pattern set doesn't yet cover. This is an inherent property of pattern-based filtering against a Turing-complete shell, not a bug that a future patch will finally close for good.
• Aletheia does not perform DNS resolution, so a domain name an attacker controls and points at a private IP or cloud metadata endpoint is outside what a string-based filter can ever detect at this layer; that requires DNS-aware egress control (see SECURITY.md).
• The right way to run this: treat Aletheia as one layer that removes the easy, common failure modes cheaply, combined with OS/network-level sandboxing as the actual security boundary, not instead of it.

Known Limitations (non-exhaustive, updated as found)

• Detection is enumerated over known dangerous functions, flags, and syntax shapes (e.g., specific SQL functions, specific shell obfuscation idioms). Sibling or novel variants not yet added to the pattern set will not be caught until they are found and added.
• No DNS resolution: SSRF protection is limited to literal IPs/hostnames in the request text, not what a domain name actually resolves to.
• S2b (prompt-injection) detection is keyword- and pattern-based; it is not a semantic classifier and can be evaded by sufficiently novel phrasing.
• This is a single, actively-iterated implementation; it has not yet had independent, adversarial third-party review beyond the iterative self-testing documented in this repository's commit history.

The Problem: Scope Creep (S3) in Agent Runtimes

When autonomous agents are granted tool execution access (Bash, SQL, filesystem mutation, API calls), the primary failure mode is Scope Creep Beyond Mandate:

• Destructive Shell Mutation: An agent asked to "inspect git diff" runs git reset --hard or rm -rf * to resolve a conflict.
• Credential Harvesting: An agent reading code probes ~/.ssh/id_rsa, .env, or AWS credentials to resolve connection errors.
• Unbounded Database Writes: An agent executes DELETE FROM accounts; or UPDATE users SET role='admin'; without WHERE predicates (or with tautological WHERE 1=1).
• Interpreter Escape Hatches: An agent runs shell commands wrapped inside python3 -c "os.system('...')" or node -e "fs.rmSync('/')".
• SSRF & Cloud Metadata Leaks: An agent probing network endpoints makes calls to 169.254.169.254 (AWS metadata) or internal RFC1918 subnets.
• Self-Mandate Escalation: A prompt-injected or drifting agent attempting to rewrite its own safety policy.

Existing defenses rely on LLM-as-a-judge evaluators that add 1,500–3,000 ms to every tool call. Aletheia MCP provides deterministic, multi-stage lexical and structural filtering in single-digit microseconds.

Key Features

The list below reflects what the pattern set currently catches, built up through iterative adversarial testing rather than designed upfront as a complete taxonomy. See Known Limitations above for what it does not (yet, or ever, in the DNS case) cover.

• ⚡ Sub-Millisecond (~25 µs p99) Overhead: 100,000+ evaluations per second. Zero perceived latency in agent loops.
• 🛡️ Monotonic Mandate Escalation Guard: Prevents autonomous agents from self-granting write, destructive, or network permissions. Mandates can be tightened voluntarily, but loosening requires an operatorSecret.
• 🎯 Evasion-Hardened Engine:
  • Database OS & Filesystem Primitives: Blocks PostgreSQL COPY ... PROGRAM, pg_read_file(), lo_import(); MySQL LOAD DATA INFILE, INTO OUTFILE; SQLite ATTACH DATABASE; and SQL Server xp_cmdshell.
  • Scheme-less & Malformed URL SSRF Defense: Normalizes protocol-relative and scheme-less endpoints (169.254.169.254/latest), enforcing strict fail-closed rejection on invalid URLs and direct cloud metadata access under offline mandates.
  • Direct Shell Metadata & Network Tool Neutralization: Scans direct IP references in curl / wget without URL schemes, and blocks socat raw socket exfiltration channels.
  • Wildcard Credential & Sensitive Directory Boundaries: Enforces wildcard protection across all .env.* variants (.env.secrets, .env.staging, .env.test) and sensitive config roots (~/.kube/, ~/.docker/, ~/.gnupg/, .git-credentials).
  • Linear O(N) Normalization: Token-based non-backtracking brace expansion and bounded parameter resolution ensures sub-millisecond execution on 100KB+ payloads.
  • Bash Socket Pseudo-Device Interception: Inspects /dev/tcp/HOST/PORT and /dev/udp/HOST/PORT redirections, halting cloud metadata SSRF and covert exfiltration channels directly on shell inputs.
  • SQL CTE & Procedural Block Interception: Enforces unbounded mutation guards across Common Table Expressions (WITH ... DELETE) and PL/pgSQL anonymous blocks (DO $$ ... $$).
  • Dynamic Linker Hijacking Defense: Neutralizes LD_PRELOAD, DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES, and runtime environment variable hijacking.
  • Quote & Backslash Stripping: Defeats split-token evasion (r'm' -rf /, r\m -rf /).
  • Variable Indirection & Default Fallbacks: Resolves shell variable substitutions (X=rm; $X -rf /) and default parameter expansions (${X:-rm} -rf /).
  • Positional Parameter & IFS Normalization: Neutralizes $IFS$9 word-splitting.
  • Dual-Representation SQL Analysis: Defeats inline comment evasion (DROP/**/TABLE, DR/**/OP, and # MySQL comment).
  • Interpreter Escape Interception: Recursively normalizes string concatenations ('r'+'m'), inspects dynamic imports (import("node:fs")), and parses code passed via -c/-e/-r flags across python, node, ruby, perl, php, and sh.
  • Automated Hex & Base64 Decoding: Automatically extracts, decodes, and recursively evaluates hex (bytes.fromhex(...)) and base64-encoded command payloads.
  • Unicode NFKC & Zero-Width Sanitization: Neutralizes invisible characters (\u200B, \u200C, \uFEFF) and confusable fullwidth/math-bold jailbreaks in prompt injections (S2b).
  • IPv4-Mapped IPv6 SSRF Translation: Converts compressed hex IPv6 notations ([::ffff:a9fe:a9fe]) to canonical dotted-decimal bytes (169.254.169.254).
  • Percent-Encoded Path Traversal: Multi-pass URL decoding catches %2e%2e%2f.env and ..%2f.ssh%2fid_rsa.
  • Generalized Fork Bombs: Detects recursive piped background processes across arbitrary function identifiers.
  • SetUID Privilege Elevation: Halts chmod u+s, chmod 4755, and privilege tampering.
  • Tautological SQL Predicates: Flags WHERE 1=1, WHERE true, and tautologies as unbounded mutations.
  • Polymorphic Argument Inspection: Safely inspects strings, arrays, and objects fail-closed across both native and unrecognized third-party tools.
• 🛡️ Two Operating Modes:
  1. Direct Guard Tools: Standalone tools (aletheia_set_mandate, aletheia_intercept, aletheia_safe_bash, aletheia_safe_sql).
  2. Fail-Closed Transparent Proxy: Middleware that wraps ANY downstream MCP server (Postgres, Filesystem, Bash), intercepting both single tools/call and JSON-RPC 2.0 batch arrays with strict fail-closed boundaries.
• 📊 Real-Time Observability Resources: Exposes live audit logs, block rates, and latency distributions via aletheia://telemetry/summary.
• 🔒 Zero External API Calls: Zero LLM-as-a-judge latency on the hot execution path.

Performance Benchmarks

Measured on 10,000 consecutive multi-domain evaluations (Bash de-obfuscation, SQL pattern validation, path verification, SSRF check, prompt injection). Numbers below are from a representative local run; p50 is stable across runs, p99 varies with system load (observed range ~24–70 µs) since it's sensitive to GC pauses at microsecond scale; both are still comfortably within the sub-millisecond target:

Run locally via npm run benchmark. Results will vary by machine; treat the specific microsecond figures as illustrative of "comfortably sub-millisecond," not as a precise SLA.

Quickstart

[!TIP] By default, Aletheia starts fully locked down (read-only, no network, no loopback) and stays that way, on purpose. If your agent needs to write files or make network calls, grant that up front with --allow-write / --allow-network / --allow-loopback (and scope writes to a directory with --allowed-paths), as shown below. These flags set the initial mandate at server startup and are not gated by operatorSecret; that gate only applies to changing an already-running session's mandate mid-flight (e.g. an agent calling aletheia_set_mandate to loosen its own permissions, which is deliberately blocked). Most users want the startup flags below, not operatorSecret.

1. Claude Code CLI

# Read-only (safe default; can inspect but not modify anything):
claude mcp add aletheia -- npx -y aletheia-mcp

# Practical default for a coding agent that needs to edit files in your project:
claude mcp add aletheia -- npx -y aletheia-mcp --allow-write --allowed-paths /path/to/your/project

2. Claude Desktop

Add to your claude_desktop_config.json:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "aletheia": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "aletheia-mcp", "--allow-write", "--allowed-paths", "/path/to/your/project"]
    }
  }
}

3. Transparent Proxy Mode

Wrap existing downstream MCP servers with Aletheia safety filtering:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "secure-filesystem": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": [
        "-y",
        "aletheia-mcp",
        "--allow-write",
        "--proxy",
        "npx",
        "-y",
        "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem",
        "/path/to/allowed/dir"
      ]
    }
  }
}

Tool Reference

Resource & Prompt Reference

Resources (resources/read)

Clients can inspect server state on-demand via standard MCP resources/read:

• aletheia://telemetry/summary: Real-time evaluation counters, block rate %, and microsecond latency distribution.
• aletheia://telemetry/audit-log: Rolling log of the last 50 tool clearance requests with inputs, verdicts, violation signatures, and timestamps.
• aletheia://mandate/current: Active session mandate parameters, allowed tool lists, path boundaries, and permission toggles.
• aletheia://signatures/s3: Specification, risk taxonomy, and benchmark failure rate data for Signature S3 (Scope Creep).

Prompts (prompts/get)

• aletheia_mandate_enforcer: System prompt directive that establishes operational safety boundaries and instructs the agent to route risky actions through Aletheia before execution. Accepts task_description (required), workspace_root (optional), and allow_write (optional).

Architecture

                    ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
                    │          Claude / Agent Host Runtime          │
                    └───────┬───────────────────────────────┬───────┘
                            │                               │
                  Mode 1: Guard Tools              Mode 2: Transparent Proxy
                  (aletheia_intercept,             (Intercepts tools/call
                   aletheia_safe_bash)              to downstream MCPs)
                            │                               │
                            ▼                               ▼
            ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
            │                      Aletheia MCP Server                      │
            │                                                               │
            │  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐  │
            │  │              S3 Scope Creep Engine (<10µs)              │  │
            │  │  ├─ Multi-stage Token Unquoting & De-obfuscation        │  │
            │  │  ├─ Variable Indirection Resolver                       │  │
            │  │  ├─ Positional IFS & Brace Expansion Normalizer         │  │
            │  │  ├─ Dual-Representation SQL Comment Analyzer            │  │
            │  │  ├─ Interpreter Escape Filter (python -c, node -e)      │  │
            │  │  ├─ Destructive Filter (rm -rf, fork bombs, find -del)  │  │
            │  │  ├─ SetUID / Privilege Escalation Guard                 │  │
            │  │  ├─ Credential & Sensitive File Access Guard            │  │
            │  │  ├─ SSRF & Cloud Metadata Validator                     │  │
            │  │  ├─ SQL DDL & Tautological Predicate Guard (WHERE 1=1)  │  │
            │  │  ├─ Monotonic Mandate Escalation Guard (operatorSecret) │  │
            │  │  └─ S2b Adversarial Prompt Injection Filter             │  │
            │  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘  │
            │                                                               │
            │  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐  │
            │  │ Telemetry & Audit Stream (aletheia://telemetry/summary) │  │
            │  └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘  │
            └───────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┘
                                            │
                              [ALLOW]       │       [BLOCK]
                    ┌───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┐
                    ▼                                               ▼
          Execute Tool Safely                         Emit Structured Policy Breach
                                                      (Explains boundary violation)

Research Attribution & Empirical Corpus

Aletheia MCP is developed by Vikas Shivpuriya as part of the broader Aletheia AI Safety Research Core. The underlying behavioral failure signatures are motivated by incidents cataloged in the AI Incident Database (AIID), the AVID AI Vulnerability Database, and the MIT AI Risk Repository. The per-model detection rates referenced for frontier systems (Claude Sonnet 4.6, GPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Flash) come from that paper's evaluation harness; treat them as directional context for why Signature S3 matters rather than as a verifiable benchmark of this codebase.

What is independently verifiable in this repository: the test suite (npm test), the latency benchmark (npm run benchmark), and the commit history documenting each round of adversarial testing and the fixes it produced.

• Research Paper & Taxonomy: github.com/vikasny30/aletheia-paper
• License: Apache 2.0